What is the dark matter made of? The new study reinforces the case of “original” black holes

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In the extremely early universe, primary black holes could gain a “dark charge”, giving them an unnaturally long life. This makes them interesting, albeit an exotic candidate for dark matter, new research suggests.

In the 70’s, Steven Hawking I found that the black holes were not entirely black. By complex interaction between their horizons of events and quantum fields, which soak the space of time around them, they can slowly but steadily emit radiation. This causes Black holes In order to lose weight, and in fact, the smaller they become brighter, they shine until they disappear completely in a shower of particles and radiation.

Then Hawking quickly realized that the exotic conditions of the early universe may have flooded space with “profitable” black holes made of pockets of extremely high density in space-time itself. If these Initial black holes are small enough, then we should be able to see them evaporate these days.

For a while, cosmologists believe that primary black holes may be a solid candidate for dark matterThe mysterious substance that seems to be the greater part of the mass of almost every galaxy. Alas, despite decades of observation, no hint has been found to evaporate primary black holes.

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But this is not the end of Black Hole’s original story. Hawking’s initial analysis studied only the simplest type of black hole, without electric charge. A later study found that the loaded black holes could have a much, much longer life. But UniverseEven extremely early on Big explosionIt is generally electrically neutral, so we do not expect any original black holes to carry a charge.

Unless it is a new type of electric charge we are about to find, according to new studies led by Jessica Santiago at the National Taiwanese University, which who who who has been posted on the online preliminary part site ARXIV In March.

Because theorists have explored the possibilities of what dark matter may be, some theorize that it may be a mirror for our usual experience with physics. There may be many different types of dark matter particles, all interacting in different ways. So, for example, instead of electrons interacting through photons, there may be dark electrons interacting through dark photons – not only new particles but also completely new nature It works in a way that is completely hidden for our current observations.

Santiago and her team have discovered that if dark electrons are abundant in the early universe, they can charge original black holes in a way that normal electrons cannot. These loaded primary black holes then would have a significantly prolonged life, many of the current era of the universe. This means that these black holes can still inhabit the modern cosmos, which makes them responsible for the phenomenon of dark matter.

It is critical that the team found that the dark electrons themselves should not stick. They should only be present in the very young universe when they participate in loading black holes. Once this is done, they are free to do whatever they want – including to disappear completely from the space scene.

The only thing that matters is that black holes acquire enough charge to stabilize their breakup and prevent them from evaporating. In this way, the exotic physics of dark electrons and dark photons can be called without worrying about the long -term effects of their presence.

This would also explain why we have not yet seen evaporating profitable black holes. They just don’t have enough time to break up.

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This hypothesis is highly speculative, but the most interesting thing is that the researchers have been able to find a way to get original black holes in order to form, and then charge them enough to extend their lives in a way that makes them plentiful to take into account the known amounts of dark matter.

There is much more work to start even testing this idea. For example, loaded primary black holes cannot remain perfectly hidden; Otherwise, we would not have hopefully to find them and thus confirm this theory. So there must be some way to make the original black holes found in some way that we have not yet seen.

This is an important next step and is saved for future work, but at least for now we can appreciate that the life of black holes in the early universe may have been much more complicated than we – and even Stephen Hawking – initially they think.