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Singles of the Black Hole – Theoretical points of infinite density in centers of cosmic monsters – defile physics. The new counteractions offered for Einstein’s relativity can finally remove them with them. | Credit: Adis Resic via pixabay
Theoretical physicists have proposed a potential solution to one of the most assigning problems in modern physics: black hole Singularity paradox. By changing Einstein’s theory of common relativityThe center of a black hole with endless curvature can be replaced by a highly curved but regular space-time region, researchers in a new study suggest.
“Singularities are regions of the universe where space, time and matter are crushed and extend into non -existence,” co -author of the study Robbie HenigarPhD at the University of Durham in the UK, Live Science told by email. “This is a very serious problem, as if there are really features in our universe, it would be catastrophic for science.
“We could no longer use the equations of Physics To predict the future of the past and the present, “He continued.” For these reasons, most practitioners expect that the peculiarities are not physical, but they tell us that general relativity must be replaced by a more full theory in order to describe the universe near the peculiarities. “
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Einstein correction
Since its introduction in 1915, general relativity has been remarkably successful in explaining astrophysical and cosmological phenomena, including the formation of black holes, the structure of neutron stars and The large -scale structure And the evolution of the universe.
However, the theory has major restrictions. It is incompatible with Quantum mechanicswhich manages the behavior of the particles in the smallest scale and predicts features – points of endless density – in the centers of black holes and in Big explosionS
To deal with this problem, the researchers used a concept known as quantum gravity, which is commonly used in attempts to combine Einstein’s overall relativity with quantum mechanics, which predicts continuous particle creation and destruction in empty space, along with eternal fluctuations in all fields, including weight. Their study published in February in the magazine Letters of physics bIt suggests that with extremely high energies or incredibly short distances, total relativity must be changed by an endless series of additional terms in its equations.
“In Quantum gravityOne looks at all adjustments to the equations related to the energy and inertia of the system with the curvature of space that are in accordance with known physical principles, “said Henigar.” Different approaches to quantum gravity will place different meaning on different terms in equations, but all suggest that Einstein’s equations must be refined. “
By incorporating these modifications into their calculations, researchers looked at how black holes would be held under this revised frame. The results show that when an infinite number of new terms are included, the singularity disappears. Instead of an infinitely dense point, the core of the black hole turns into a very curved but regular region of space-time.
Testing the theory
Although the new model solves the problem with the peculiarity of mathematical, scientific theories must ultimately be tested by observation. Researchers have acknowledged that their idea directly is a significant challenge.
“The very absence of features is difficult to test experimentally because it would happen inside a black hole or at the very beginning of the universe” Pablo KanoA PhD researcher at the University of Barcelona and another co -author of the study, Live Science told an email. “However, we can seek signatures of theories that lead to the resolution of the peculiarities.
“The modifications of the general relativity we consider become more large in stronger gravitational fields, but otherwise they are very small,” the cano added. “This means that, for example, gravitational waves coming from collisions of black holes – where gravitational fields are much stronger than in the solar system – provide a way to search for these effects.”
Another promising path is the study of the early universe. If the effects of this modified gravity theory have influenced space inflation – the rapid expansion, the big explosion followed – the evidence of these changes can be printed in primary gravitational waves. Future experiments aimed at these signals can help test the validity of the theory.
Next steps
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In addition, additional theoretical work is needed to determine whether black holes without singularity can be naturally formed by gravitational collapse and whether the team approach can handle other types of features, such as those related to the big explosion.
“We have recently shown that the collapse of a particular type of matter gives rise to this frame in this frame until the formation of these regular black holes,” said Pablo BuenoA research associate at the University of Barcelona and co -author of the study. “We would like to test this on more general assumptions. This can lead to intriguing functions in other areas, such as explicit patterns of bouncing cosmology in which the usual scenario of the Big Bang is replaced by an endless series of expansive and contracting phases. “