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Super -Solards are a form of quantum matter that exhibits the properties of superfluid (zero viscosity), but with a spatially arranged structure.
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Although usually created by UltraCold atoms, scientists have recently successfully observed this quantum state of matter using photons instead.
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This could give scientists a more understanding of both the supelids and the changes that occur to the quantum state of matter during phase transitions.
About 99.99 percent of the time, a strong understanding of the four basic forms of matter-solid, liquids, gas and plasma-will help us to navigate the properties of the phase change in our lives. The ice roads are formed below 32 degrees Fahrenheit, the water boils 100 degrees Celsius, try not to stand near the plasma … ever. But when you start exploring the deeper achievements of famous science, the simple idea of ”matter” becomes a little hazy.
On the one hand, there is a fifth, exotic form of matter known as Bose-Einstein Condensates, where bosons become so cold that they somehow act as a large particle. But there are various other types of matter in the quantum sphere. One of these quantum states of matter is known as “supelid”, which means material that contains the characteristics of superfluid (in particular that it experiences zero viscosity) while containing a spatial placement, similar to a crystal lattice. Typically, quantum super -Soolids are formed only through UltraCold Atoms, but a new study – led by scientists at CNR Nanotec, Institute of Nanotechnology, in Lecce, Italy – created this quantum state using light for the first time. The results of the survey were published In the magazine NatureS
Of course, creating this condition was not easy. The researchers used a piece of gallium arsenide formed with ridges. When the light struck these ridges, they formed a quasiCastica known as polaritons, and due to the pre -designed restriction of ridges, these particles are eventually formed in an super -sales. Antonio Janfat of CNR Nanotec and Davide Nigro at the University of Pavia describes how photons interact with the Gallium Arsenide semiconductor platform as a “quantum theater” in A research briefing for NatureS
Imagine being in a crowded theater where all places are occupied, except for three in the front row: one in the center and the other two in the opposite ends of the order. The central place has the best view, so people want to sit there, but only one person can sit there. In the quantum theater, where bosonic particles (particles with complete rotation) go, anyone can sit in the central seat, forming what is called Bose-Einstein-Condenses, in which most particles occupy the quantum state with the lowest energy.
However, the interactions between the particles limit the maximum number of particles that can sit there, and after that value they begin to press pairs of particles against the seats on the left and at the right end of the row. As the particles accumulate in the quantum theater, two “satellite condensates” are gradually formed on the left and right seats in a way similar to that of the central.
The team continues to explain that by increasing the number of quasiCistees, more condensates are formed by parametric scattering, ultimately creating the super -sey structure. The second part of the experiment was sure they really do Keep a super Soolid, given that no one has ever made this quantum state of matter using photons before. And in the end the team confirmed that the particles caught did not show like viscosity and Properties of a solid.
Scientists believe that light-based sugars can be easier to work with than super-Solids made using atoms. In the future, the team hopes to learn more about the properties of this quantum matter – especially how quantum matter changes through phase transitions.
The world of matter is a little more complicated than what you may have learned in school.
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